Tachypleus gigas is the Indo-Pacific horseshoe crab, and it is also found in southern and southeastern Asia. Limulus polyphemus is the Atlantic horseshoe crab and it lives along the east coast of the United States and Mexico. The four horseshoe crab are Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, which is the mangrove horseshoe crab. The “meso” in mesolimulus is Greek for “middle.” Tachypleus comes from the Greek words “tachys,” which means “rapid” and “pleustikos,” which means “sailing” or “swimming.” Horseshoe Crab Species Xiphosurida is from the Greek words for sword, “xiphos” and the Greek word for tail, “oura.” Carcinoscorpius means “crab scorpion,” with Carcino coming from the Greek word “karkinos,” a crab, and “scorpius” from the Latin word “scorpius,” which borrowed from the Greek word “skorpios.” Rotundicauda means “round tail” These names were inspired by the look of the animal. The name Lumulidae is modern Latin for “a little askance,” because it used to be thought the animal had only one eye. There are four living species in these genera. There are four genera: Carcinoscorpius Limulus Mesolimulus, which is extinct, and Tachypleus. These animals belong to the Limulidae family as well as the suborder Xiphosurida and the order Xiphosura. Horseshoe Crab Classification and Scientific name Speaking of blood, the blood of these animals is sapphire blue when exposed to oxygen.The blood of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda contains tetrodotoxin, a deadly poison that attacks the nervous system.They evolved about 255 million years ago, and some consider them living fossils.
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